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Spanish Word: Presente histórico

Pronunciation: Preay-sayn-tay ees-toh-ree-coh

Translation: Historical present

Function: Usage

To help you do story-telling when your Spanish past tenses are not that polished, you can do it the American way: by using the ‘presente histórico’ [historical present, which means you talk about something from the past using the present tense, something typically done by historians.

You can see in the following example how a happening of the past is told using the present tense, as if things were happening that very moment. You can use this rhetorical resource when your past-tense skills are yet to be fully learned.

Example:

Y ahí estoy, todo mojado, cuando de repente pasa todo un equipo de futbol y me ayuda a empujar el coche.

Translation:

And there I am, all wet, when all of a sudden, a whole soccer team passes by and helps me push the car.

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Spanish Word: Voz activa

Pronunciation: Bohs pah-see-bah

Translation: Active voice

Function: Usage

Your Spanish will sound more Castilian if you try your sentences to go from the active subject to the passive one, as opposed to the English sentence construction, where the subject receiving the verb action goes first more often.

You can say ‘Troya fue sitiada por los griegos’ following English construction: “Troy was besieged by the greeks” or you can say ‘Los griegos sitiaron Troya’ [The Greeks besieged Troy], in the so called “active voice”: the “Castilian way”.

Example:

Todo el auditorio aclamó tu discurso

Translation:

Your speech was acclaimed by the whole auditorium

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Spanish Phrase: ¿Me puede… ?

Pronunciation: Meh pooay-day

Translation: Can you… me?

Function: Phrase

When asking a question, starting the sentence with ‘me’ helps you keeping it simple, as in ‘¿Me puede decir… ?’ [can you tell me... ?] as opposed to ‘¿Puede decirme… ?, where the ‘me’ is joined with the verb, forming a complex word form called an “enclítical”

It clearly is simpler, to start with the pronoun ‘me’ (or plural form ‘nos’) and continue with a verb in infinitive, instead of the alternative: an enclitical.

Example:

¿Me puede ayudar?

Translation:

Can you help me?

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Spanish Noun: Castellano

Pronunciation: Cahs-tay-llah-noh

Translation: Castilian

Function: Noun

Some people in Spain prefer to use this word instead of “Spanish”, when it comes to talk about their language; and this is because there are in the country some bilingual regions, with a language of their own. As ‘Castilla’ prevailed militarily and politically over the other provinces, its language became the official tongue in the country… but the other ones are not forgotten.

In the rest of the world, you can use ‘Español’ or, with more detail: ‘Español castellano’ [Castilian Spanish]. In linguistics, there is yet another denomination: ‘Español de España’ as opposed to ‘Español de México’ or another Latin-America country. This is important for the foreigner, as some “bad words” are normal words in other countries.

Example:

¿Habla castellano?

Translation:

Do you speak castilian?

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Spanish Noun: Gente Pronunciation: Gayn-tay Translation: People Function: Noun Using ‘gente’ (a collective) when talking abou a single person might be wrong, but people in Spain often do, i.e. ‘Ví una gente en el corredor’ [I saw somebody on the hall]. Latin-Americans try not to do it, as the word is defined as a group of persons. You can use ‘gente’ for both “people” and “a person”, but try not to do it in Latin-America, where you should try to use ‘una persona’ [a person] or ‘alguien’ [somebody] instead. Example: - ¿Quién lo dice? - La gente Translation: - Who says? - People

Tags: Gente, learn spanish, Spanish Grammar, Spanish noun
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Spanish Word:Ha escrito

Pronunciation:Ah ays-cree-toh

Translation:Has written

Function: usage

Spain prefers it, even it takes more words to say or write: The so called “perfect tense”, where the verb ‘haber’ [have] functions as an auxiliary for another verb (in the gerund form) appearing right next to it, as in ‘hemos hablado’ [we have spoken]. Hispanic Americans would say a single word: ‘hablamos’ [we spoke] instead.

This form takes “less memory” from those learning Spanish, because all they need to memorize is the ‘haber’ verb conjugation and the other verbs gerunds, i.e. ‘Llegó y tomó el coche’ takes more words below, but you don’t have to know the indicative third-person past tense of the verbs ‘Llegar’ and ‘Tomar’

Example:

Ha llegado y tomado el coche

Translation:

Has come and taken the car

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Spanish Word: Tú

Pronunciation: Too

Translation: You

Function: treatment

Remembering all kinds of people names is more important in English than Spanish, as English has no ‘tú’ treatment, and the only way to show familiarity trough the spoken word is to say a person’ name along the talking. In Spanish-speaking countries people can even talk with great familiarity to other people who call them on the streets… and get away with the fact that they don´t really remember who “that one” was.

You can use it more freely in Spain. In Latin-America the ‘tú’ treatment is reserved for family and friends only.

Example:

Háblame de tú

Translation:

Talk to me as a friend

Tags: learn spanish, spanish treatment, Spanish vocabulary, Tú
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Spanish Word: Se

Pronunciation: Say

Translation: [n/a]

Function: Form

‘Se’ makes easier to construct some Spanish sentences, when the subject is unclear: just begin the sentence with ‘Se’ and use a verb… without a subject, as in ‘Se quemó’ [it burned], while standing before something unknown.

People pretty much use it when they’ve broken something: ’se cayó’ [it fell], instead of [lo tiré] [I let it fell]. Such impersonal form is much more used in Spanish than in English.

Example:

El niño se cayó y se pegó en su cabeza

Translation:

The boy fell and hit his head

Tags: learn spanish lesson, Se, Spanish vocabulary, Spanish Word
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Spanish Word: EE.UU.

Pronunciation: Ay-Oo

Translation: U.S.A.

Function: Usage

You can see the abbreviation ‘EE.UU’ (’Estados Unidos’) every day in Spanish speaking countries newspapers. The letters repetition indicates a plural is being shortened.

The need for this repetition arises from the fact that the word could is also abbreviated in the singular form, so ‘p.’ is the abbreviation of ‘página’ [page]

Example:

pp. 2-4

Translation:

pages 2 through 4

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Spanish Word: Pingüino

Pronunciation: Peen-gooee-noh

Translation: Penguin

Function: Usage

The two small dots appearing sometimes on top of an u (ü) before the e & i vowels are called ‘diéresis’ [dieresis]. It is more noticeable if you wrongly put them on top of any other vowel, than forgetting to use them when they are supposed to be there.

The usage rule is simple: ‘diéresis’ should be used when the u is to be pronounced; this is necessary because in most of the words with the syllables ‘gue’ and ‘gui’ the u is not spoken because of grammar. When in doubt, you can say the word aloud without the u and check how it sounds.

Example:

vergüenza

Translation:

shame

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Spanish Word: Estará

Pronunciation: Ayhs-tah-rah

Translation: Is going to be

Function: Usage

English expression ‘is going to…’ has been wrongly incorporated into spoken Spanish in some American countries, as in ‘vamos a estar…’ [we are going to be…', where a much shorter 'estaremos...' [we'll be...] would have been enough.

You can both save words and talk a better Spanish if you avoid this practice. Use the future tense if you are comfortable using it. If you are not, then use the common construction: ‘Voy a’ + infinitive verb (in this case you don’t need to know all verb variations for the future tense)

Example:

Oscar estará ahí

Translation:

Oscar is going to be there

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Spanish Word: Reforma ortográfica

Pronunciation: Rayh-fohr-mah ohr-toh-grah-fee-cah

Translation: Orthographic reform

Function: Usage

These reforms mainly call for some single syllable words -and some with more than three- NOT to have a stress mark, when certain vowels meet, as in ‘guión’ [slash] The advice: don’t worry about changing your orthography… at least for  been very different: People have even gone to court)

In the last 10 years, the Spanish regulation Academy ‘RAE’ has published three reforms for Spanish orthography, but they all have been ignored in the other Spanish speaking countries (it also happened in other languages, but reaction has the next 10 years.

Example:

Él rió

Translation:

He laughed

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Spanish Word: Don, Doña

Pronunciation: Dohn, Donya

Translation: Don, Madam

Function: Title

You will find these courtesy titles almost paired to “Sir” and “Lady”, although you can still find ‘Señor Don” and ‘Señora Doña’ used in Spain… which falls short of the “king” or “queen” themselves. You will see it used in most written invitations.

You will also find a college degree used instead of ‘Señor’ [Mr.] or ‘Señora’ [Lady] as in ‘doctor’ [doctor] or ‘ingeniero´[engineer]. If you don’t know whether somebody has a degree or not, stay on the safe side and use ‘Don’ freely, as it works for both: informal or important occasions.

Example:

Sra. Doña Fe Roa Paz

Translation:

Madam Fe Roa Paz

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Spanish Adjective: Rubio

Pronunciation: Roo-beeoh

Translation: Blond

Function: Adjective

‘Rubio’ [blond] is used referring to people’s light hair color, skin color or both. If hair color is very light, then ‘platino’ [platinum] is used more often.

Instead, ‘güero’ is much more used in Mexico and Venezuela. In formal writing or talking, ‘rubio’ is the right word. ‘Güero’ might be used when referring to a whitish objects color too.

Example:

¿Quiere que le ayude, güera?

Translation:

Can I help you, blonde?

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Spanish Noun: Oficial

Pronunciation: Oh-phee-ceeahl

Translation: Officer

Function: Noun

How to address a representative of the authority Oficial‘ [? 'officer] is a sure bet whether he or she is ranked or not. They’ll gladly accept it nevertheless.

You can use this word for all kinds in Latin-America and any representative with uniform in Spain. ‘Oficial’ is also the translation for ‘Official’, so don’t get confused if you hear it in another context.

Example:

¿Hay algún problema oficial?

Translation:

Is there a problem, officer?

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Spanish Noun: Dolor

Pronunciation: Doh-lohr

Translation: Pain

Function: Noun

Sometimes it is very important to get across your feelings, especially when you have to do it in a foreign language, and it is about some pain you are feeling. It is a good thing to know if you need to tell a foreign doctor.

You should know how to convey at least three different intensities, as in ‘dolor’ [pain], ‘molestia’ [bothersome,] and ‘sensación’ [feel], all three going from a high to a low discomfort. They all accept to be qualified with ‘intenso’ [intense] or ‘leve’ [mild], in case you want to emphasize.

Example:

Tengo una molestia en la pierna

Translation:

I have a bothersome pain in my leg

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Spanish Word: Buen día Pronunciation:

Booayn deeah Translation:

Good day Function:

Salutation

If you can´t remember the right time of day to use ‘buenos días’, ‘buenas tardes’ or ‘buenas noches’ [good morning, good afternoon, good evening] you can always use the orthographically correct ‘Buen día’ [Good day] at any time of the day (it can be used on writing too, as an introduction for all kinds of e-mail, formal or not)

If you don´t want to sound that formal, you can say the colloquial that locals use: ‘buenas’. They say it at any time of day, but mostly to their acquaintances

Example: Buen día tengan todos ustedes

Translation:

Good day you all

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Spanish Word: Endocrino…

Pronunciation: Ayn-doh-kree-noh

Translation: Endocrinologist

Function: short for

Don’t be confused when you hear Spanish speakers’ medical talk full of truncated words when referring to specialties, as in ‘endocrino’: short for ‘endocrinólogo’ [endocrinologist]. These apocopes are often used simply to save time or just because the speaker doesn´t really know the final part.

In most of the instances the missing part is ‘-logo’ [-logist], as in ‘cardio’ [for cardiologist], ‘procto’ [for proctologist]. Sometimes the missing part is huge, as in ‘otorrino’, for otorhinolaryngologist!

Example:

Endocrino

Translation:

Endocrinologist

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Spanish Noun: Joven, Señorita (tratamiento)

Pronunciation: Hoj-bayn

Translation: <!– /* Font Definitions */ @font-face {font-family:”Cambria Math”; panose-1:2 4 5 3 5 4 6 3 2 4; mso-font-charset:0; mso-generic-font-family:roman; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:-1610611985 1107304683 0 0 159 0;} @font-face {font-family:Calibri; panose-1:2 15 5 2 2 2 4 3 2 4; mso-font-charset:0; mso-generic-font-family:swiss; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:-1610611985 1073750139 0 0 159 0;} /* Style Definitions */ p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal {mso-style-unhide:no; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:”"; margin:0in; margin-bottom:.0001pt; line-height:115%; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:”Calibri”,”sans-serif”; mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family:”Times New Roman”; mso-ansi-language:ES;} .MsoChpDefault {mso-style-type:export-only; mso-default-props:yes; font-size:10.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size:10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;} @page Section1 {size:8.5in 11.0in; margin:1.0in 1.0in 1.0in 1.0in; mso-header-margin:.5in; mso-footer-margin:.5in; mso-paper-source:0;} div.Section1 {page:Section1;} –> Waiter, Maid (treatment)

Function: Noun

<!– /* Font Definitions */ @font-face {font-family:”Cambria Math”; panose-1:2 4 5 3 5 4 6 3 2 4; mso-font-charset:0; mso-generic-font-family:roman; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:-1610611985 1107304683 0 0 159 0;} @font-face {font-family:Calibri; panose-1:2 15 5 2 2 2 4 3 2 4; mso-font-charset:0; mso-generic-font-family:swiss; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:-1610611985 1073750139 0 0 159 0;} /* Style Definitions */ p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal {mso-style-unhide:no; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:”"; margin:0in; margin-bottom:.0001pt; line-height:115%; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:”Calibri”,”sans-serif”; mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family:”Times New Roman”; mso-ansi-language:ES;} .MsoChpDefault {mso-style-type:export-only; mso-default-props:yes; font-size:10.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size:10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;} @page Section1 {size:8.5in 11.0in; margin:1.0in 1.0in 1.0in 1.0in; mso-header-margin:.5in; mso-footer-margin:.5in; mso-paper-source:0;} div.Section1 {page:Section1;} –> When trying to get an attendant´s attention, using his or her job’s name could be considered impolite. Usage in most of Spain and Latin-America calls for a general name to be used instead, such as ‘señor’ or ‘señora’, instead of ‘mesero’ or ‘mesera’ [waiter] or any other attendant job name.

<!– /* Font Definitions */ @font-face {font-family:”Cambria Math”; panose-1:2 4 5 3 5 4 6 3 2 4; mso-font-charset:0; mso-generic-font-family:roman; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:-1610611985 1107304683 0 0 159 0;} @font-face {font-family:Calibri; panose-1:2 15 5 2 2 2 4 3 2 4; mso-font-charset:0; mso-generic-font-family:swiss; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:-1610611985 1073750139 0 0 159 0;} /* Style Definitions */ p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal {mso-style-unhide:no; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:”"; margin:0in; margin-bottom:.0001pt; line-height:115%; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:”Calibri”,”sans-serif”; mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family:”Times New Roman”; mso-ansi-language:ES;} .MsoChpDefault {mso-style-type:export-only; mso-default-props:yes; font-size:10.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size:10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;} @page Section1 {size:8.5in 11.0in; margin:1.0in 1.0in 1.0in 1.0in; mso-header-margin:.5in; mso-footer-margin:.5in; mso-paper-source:0;} div.Section1 {page:Section1;} –> If the attendant is a young man or woman, then you can also use ‘joven’ [young man] for a male, or ‘señorita’ [miss], for a female (just remember never to call a male attendant with archaic ‘señorito’, as it is only used these days in a pejorative sense)

Example: <!– /* Font Definitions */ @font-face {font-family:”Cambria Math”; panose-1:2 4 5 3 5 4 6 3 2 4; mso-font-charset:0; mso-generic-font-family:roman; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:-1610611985 1107304683 0 0 159 0;} @font-face {font-family:Calibri; panose-1:2 15 5 2 2 2 4 3 2 4; mso-font-charset:0; mso-generic-font-family:swiss; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:-1610611985 1073750139 0 0 159 0;} /* Style Definitions */ p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal {mso-style-unhide:no; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:”"; margin:0in; margin-bottom:.0001pt; line-height:115%; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:”Calibri”,”sans-serif”; mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family:”Times New Roman”; mso-ansi-language:ES;} .MsoChpDefault {mso-style-type:export-only; mso-default-props:yes; font-size:10.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size:10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;} @page Section1 {size:8.5in 11.0in; margin:1.0in 1.0in 1.0in 1.0in; mso-header-margin:.5in; mso-footer-margin:.5in; mso-paper-source:0;} div.Section1 {page:Section1;} –> ¡Señorita!

Translation: Maid!

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Spanish Noun: Joven, Señorita (tratamiento)

Pronunciation: Hoj-bayn

Translation: Waiter, Maid (treatment)

Function: Noun

When trying to get an attendant´s attention, using his or her job’s name could be considered impolite. Usage in most of Spain and Latin-America calls for a general name to be used instead, such as ‘señor’ or ‘señora’, instead of ‘mesero’ or ‘mesera’ [waiter] or any other attendant job name.

If the attendant is a young man or woman, then you can also use ‘joven’ [young man] for a male, or ‘señorita’ [miss], for a female (just remember never to call a male attendant with archaic ‘señorito’, as it is only used these days in a pejorative sense)

Example: ¡Señorita!

Translation: Maid!

Tags: joven, learn spanish, señorita, Spanish noun
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Spanish Interjecciones (Interjection): ¡Ah!, ¡Eh!, ¡Ojalá!

Pronunciation: Ah, Ayh, Ohhah-lah

Translation: Interjections ¡Ah!, ¡Eh!, ¡God willing!

Function: Interjection

Interjections in Spanish, as in English, are used to show surprise, disagreement, even pain. Generally speaking, you can use ‘Ojalá’ and all the vowels: ah, eh, i, oh, uh (although ‘i’ is not an official one, but is used to show disbelief, just the same as English ‘So?’)

‘Ojalá’ is pretty much used as ‘god willing’ is used in English, but it lacks the religious feeling of its English counterpart. The vowels are followed by an ‘h’ when written: ‘ah’, ‘eh’, ‘oh’ and ‘uh’; they show surprise, estrangement, shock and disbelief, respectively (if you want to sound Caribbean and show an interested surprise, say the one Bart Simpson uses: ¡Caramba!)

Example:

¡Ojalá esté aquí en el verano’

Translation:

God willing, he´ll be here in summer

Tags: learn spanish grammar, spanish, spanish interjection, ¡Ah!, ¡Eh!, ¡Ojalá!
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Spanish Phrase: Esa cosa

Pronunciation: Ay-sah co-sah

Translation: That thing

Function: Phrase

What’s a foreigner to do when the Spanish name of something is unknown but -nevertheless- it is part of the conversation? Well, just say “esa cosa”, as locals do when they are talking so fast they don´t want to slow down and remember the exact name of  “that thing”

This phrase is used more frequently in Spanish than in English, so you won’t be taken for someone lazy if you use it, just don’t forget to point it out if you can see “that stuff”.

Example:

¿Cuánto vale eso?… esa cosa que cuelga del techo.

Translation:

How much is that?….that thing hanging from the ceiling.

Tags: esa cosa, learn spanish, spanish phrase
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Spanish Title:Don, Doña

Pronunciation:Dohn, Donya

Translation:Don, Madam

Function:Title

You will find these courtesy titles almost paired to “Sir” and “Lady”, although you can still find ‘Señor Don” and ‘Señora Doña’ used in Spain… which falls short of queen itself. You will see it used in most written invitations.

You will also find a college degree used instead of “señor” [Mr.] or “señora” [Lady] as in ‘doctor’ [doctor] or ‘ingeniero´[engineer]. If you don’t know whether somebody has a degree or not, be on the safe side and use “Don” freely, as it works both in formal and important occasions.

Example:Sra. Doña Fe Roa Paz

Translation:Madam Fe Roa Paz

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Spanish verb: Recordar, acordar

Pronunciation:Reh-kohr-dahr, ah-kohr-dahr

Translation:Remember

Function:verb

Is it ‘Yo recordé’ or ‘Yo me acordé’? [I remembered] When it comes to remembering, you use the first form if you remembered something willingfully, or the second one if you didn´t mean it, and just came to you because you saw something or it came to your mind by itself.

The pronominal form ‘me recuerdo’ is never to be used, except if you are remembering yourself in some situation, as in ‘me recuerdo en los brazos de mi madre’ [I remember myself in my mother's arms]

Example:Recordar es vivir

Translation:Remembering is living

Tags: acordar, learn spanish, Recordar, Spanish Verb
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Spanish verb: Gana  

Pronunciation:Gah-nah

Translation:Makes

Function:verb

‘Gana’ [wins | makes | will ] is most used when talking about winning: ‘El estudiante más rápido gana’ [The fastest student wins] It is also used in the sense of making money: “Gana doce mil al año” [makes twelve thousand a year]

Yet another meaning for this word is will to do something: ‘lo hizo sin gana’ [he did it unwillingly], in this same context, ‘gana’ can be used as a noun: ‘échale más ganas’ [put more will into it]

Example:Los dos ganan lo mismo

Translation:Both of them make the same

Tags: Gana, learn spanish, Spanish Verb
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